Episode 22: Is a Value-Added Tax inevitable?

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Congressional Research Service - "Value-Added Tax (VAT) as a Revenue Option: A Primer" by James M. Bickley:
https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R41708.pdf

McKinsey & Company - "We need to talk . . . about gen AI" by Gerard Richter, Marie El Hoyek, and Valerio Dilda:
https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/operations-blog/we-need-to-talk-about-gen-ai

CNBC - "How much would a wealth tax really raise? Dueling economists reflect new split in Democratic Party" by Robert Frank:
https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/dueling-economists-debate-how-much-a-wealth-tax-would-raise.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9

Axios - "Why Trump is taking aim at Europe's sales tax" by Felix Salmon:
https://www.axios.com/2025/03/31/europe-trump-tariffs-sales-tax

AP - "US economic growth to slow in the next 30 years, fueled by debt and declining birth rates, CBO says" by Fatima Hussein and Josh Boak:
https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/us-economic-growth-to-slow-in-the-next-30-years-fueled-by-debt-and-declining-birth-rates-cbo-says/ar-AA1BN6Pf?ocid=msedgntp&pc=LCTS&cvid=5180883af1c84a8c833f4f6dbea6c47b&ei=23

The Hill - "5 reasons why a wealth tax is bad policy" by Richard J. Shinder:
https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/4782461-wealth-tax-supreme-court-decision/

Tax Policy Center - "Taxing Wealth in the United States: Issues and Challenges" by Janet Holtzlatt and Gabriella Garriga:
https://taxpolicycenter.org/research-reports/taxing-wealth-united-states-issues-and-challenges

Tax Foundation - "From the Tax Foundation Archives: The Pros and Cons of a Value Added Tax (VAT)" by Scott Hodge:
https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pros-cons-value-added-tax-vat/

Business Insider - "What productivity boom? AI will provide just a 1% GDP boost over the next decade, MIT economist says" by Filip De Mott:
https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-productivity-economy-gdp-growth-impact-daron-acemoglu-2024-5

Bloomberg Tax - "The United States Needs a Value-Added Tax" by Alan Viard:
https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/the-united-states-needs-a-value-added-tax

World Resources Institute - "US Clean Power Development Sees Record Progress, As Well As Stronger Headwinds" by Lori Bird, Andrew Light and Ian Goldsmith:
https://www.wri.org/insights/clean-energy-progress-united-states

Avalara - "‘It’s inevitable,’ experts say: U.S. states will eventually adopt European-style sales tax compliance requirements" by Bryan Corliss:
https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america/2022/05/its-inevitable-experts-say-us-states-will-eventually-adopt-european-style-sales-tax-compliance-requirements.html

Scientific America - "The AI Boom Could Use a Shocking Amount of Electricity" by Lauren Leffer:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity/

CNBC - "The probability of a recession is approaching 50%, Deutsche markets survey finds" by Jeff Cox:
https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/24/the-probability-of-a-recession-is-approaching-50percent-deutsche-markets-survey-finds.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9

McKinsey Global Institute - "Rekindling US productivity for a new era" by Charles Atkins, Olivia White, Asutosh Padhi, Kweilin Ellingrud, Anu Madgavkar, and Michael Neary:
https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/rekindling-us-productivity-for-a-new-era

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - "What Lessons Can Be Drawn from Japan’s High Debt-to-GDP Ratio?" by YiLi Chien and Ashley H. Stewart:
https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/nov/what-lessons-drawn-japans-high-debt-gdp-ratio

Peter G Petersen Foundation - "National Debt on Track to Reach Record High in Just Four Years":
https://www.pgpf.org/article/national-debt-on-track-to-reach-record-high-in-just-four-years/

Penn Wharton - "When Does Federal Debt Reach Unsustainable Levels?" by Jagadeesh Gokhale and Kent Smetters:
https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2023/10/6/when-does-federal-debt-reach-unsustainable-levels