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    <title>Elegant Ramblings - Episodes Tagged with “Fiscal Policy”</title>
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    <pubDate>Mon, 07 Apr 2025 15:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
    <description>A podcast where I read self-written essays on anything that interest me!
</description>
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    <itunes:subtitle>Smart essays designed to make you think more deeply about the world around us</itunes:subtitle>
    <itunes:author>Elegant Ramblings</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary>A podcast where I read self-written essays on anything that interest me!
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  <title>Episode 22: Episode 22: Is a Value-Added Tax inevitable?</title>
  <link>https://withered-geyser-2252.fireside.fm/22</link>
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  <pubDate>Mon, 07 Apr 2025 15:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
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  <itunes:episode>22</itunes:episode>
  <itunes:title>Episode 22: Is a Value-Added Tax inevitable?</itunes:title>
  <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
  <itunes:author>Elegant Ramblings</itunes:author>
  <itunes:subtitle>Weighing the pros and cons of a VAT in the United States</itunes:subtitle>
  <itunes:duration>26:20</itunes:duration>
  <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
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  <description>&lt;p&gt;Check out our sponsor here:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/@anotherbookreview9903" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/@anotherbookreview9903&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Congressional Research Service - "Value-Added Tax (VAT) as a Revenue Option: A Primer" by James M. Bickley:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R41708.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R41708.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;McKinsey &amp;amp; Company - "We need to talk . . . about gen AI" by Gerard Richter, Marie El Hoyek, and Valerio Dilda:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/operations-blog/we-need-to-talk-about-gen-ai" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/operations-blog/we-need-to-talk-about-gen-ai&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CNBC - "How much would a wealth tax really raise? Dueling economists reflect new split in Democratic Party" by Robert Frank:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/dueling-economists-debate-how-much-a-wealth-tax-would-raise.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/dueling-economists-debate-how-much-a-wealth-tax-would-raise.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Axios - "Why Trump is taking aim at Europe's sales tax" by Felix Salmon:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.axios.com/2025/03/31/europe-trump-tariffs-sales-tax" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.axios.com/2025/03/31/europe-trump-tariffs-sales-tax&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AP - "US economic growth to slow in the next 30 years, fueled by debt and declining birth rates, CBO says" by Fatima Hussein and Josh Boak:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/us-economic-growth-to-slow-in-the-next-30-years-fueled-by-debt-and-declining-birth-rates-cbo-says/ar-AA1BN6Pf?ocid=msedgntp&amp;amp;pc=LCTS&amp;amp;cvid=5180883af1c84a8c833f4f6dbea6c47b&amp;amp;ei=23" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/us-economic-growth-to-slow-in-the-next-30-years-fueled-by-debt-and-declining-birth-rates-cbo-says/ar-AA1BN6Pf?ocid=msedgntp&amp;amp;amp;pc=LCTS&amp;amp;amp;cvid=5180883af1c84a8c833f4f6dbea6c47b&amp;amp;amp;ei=23&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Hill - "5 reasons why a wealth tax is bad policy" by Richard J. Shinder:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/4782461-wealth-tax-supreme-court-decision/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/4782461-wealth-tax-supreme-court-decision/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tax Policy Center - "Taxing Wealth in the United States: Issues and Challenges" by Janet Holtzlatt and Gabriella Garriga:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://taxpolicycenter.org/research-reports/taxing-wealth-united-states-issues-and-challenges" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://taxpolicycenter.org/research-reports/taxing-wealth-united-states-issues-and-challenges&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tax Foundation - "From the Tax Foundation Archives: The Pros and Cons of a Value Added Tax (VAT)" by Scott Hodge:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pros-cons-value-added-tax-vat/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pros-cons-value-added-tax-vat/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Business Insider - "What productivity boom? AI will provide just a 1% GDP boost over the next decade, MIT economist says" by Filip De Mott:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-productivity-economy-gdp-growth-impact-daron-acemoglu-2024-5" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-productivity-economy-gdp-growth-impact-daron-acemoglu-2024-5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bloomberg Tax - "The United States Needs a Value-Added Tax" by Alan Viard:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/the-united-states-needs-a-value-added-tax" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/the-united-states-needs-a-value-added-tax&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;World Resources Institute - "US Clean Power Development Sees Record Progress, As Well As Stronger Headwinds" by Lori Bird, Andrew Light and Ian Goldsmith:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.wri.org/insights/clean-energy-progress-united-states" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.wri.org/insights/clean-energy-progress-united-states&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Avalara - "‘It’s inevitable,’ experts say: U.S. states will eventually adopt European-style sales tax compliance requirements" by Bryan Corliss:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america/2022/05/its-inevitable-experts-say-us-states-will-eventually-adopt-european-style-sales-tax-compliance-requirements.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america/2022/05/its-inevitable-experts-say-us-states-will-eventually-adopt-european-style-sales-tax-compliance-requirements.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Scientific America - "The AI Boom Could Use a Shocking Amount of Electricity" by Lauren Leffer:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CNBC - "The probability of a recession is approaching 50%, Deutsche markets survey finds" by Jeff Cox:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/24/the-probability-of-a-recession-is-approaching-50percent-deutsche-markets-survey-finds.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/24/the-probability-of-a-recession-is-approaching-50percent-deutsche-markets-survey-finds.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;McKinsey Global Institute - "Rekindling US productivity for a new era" by Charles Atkins, Olivia White, Asutosh Padhi, Kweilin Ellingrud, Anu Madgavkar, and Michael Neary:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/rekindling-us-productivity-for-a-new-era" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/rekindling-us-productivity-for-a-new-era&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - "What Lessons Can Be Drawn from Japan’s High Debt-to-GDP Ratio?" by YiLi Chien and Ashley H. Stewart:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/nov/what-lessons-drawn-japans-high-debt-gdp-ratio" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/nov/what-lessons-drawn-japans-high-debt-gdp-ratio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Peter G Petersen Foundation - "National Debt on Track to Reach Record High in Just Four Years":&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://www.pgpf.org/article/national-debt-on-track-to-reach-record-high-in-just-four-years/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://www.pgpf.org/article/national-debt-on-track-to-reach-record-high-in-just-four-years/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Penn Wharton - "When Does Federal Debt Reach Unsustainable Levels?" by Jagadeesh Gokhale and Kent Smetters:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2023/10/6/when-does-federal-debt-reach-unsustainable-levels" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2023/10/6/when-does-federal-debt-reach-unsustainable-levels&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
</description>
  <itunes:keywords>National debt, value added tax, entitlement spending, VAT, AI, Elegant Ramblings</itunes:keywords>
  <content:encoded>
    <![CDATA[<p>Check out our sponsor here:</p>

<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@anotherbookreview9903" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/@anotherbookreview9903</a></p>

<p>Congressional Research Service - &quot;Value-Added Tax (VAT) as a Revenue Option: A Primer&quot; by James M. Bickley:<br>
<a href="https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R41708.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R41708.pdf</a></p>

<p>McKinsey &amp; Company - &quot;We need to talk . . . about gen AI&quot; by Gerard Richter, Marie El Hoyek, and Valerio Dilda:<br>
<a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/operations-blog/we-need-to-talk-about-gen-ai" rel="nofollow">https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/operations-blog/we-need-to-talk-about-gen-ai</a></p>

<p>CNBC - &quot;How much would a wealth tax really raise? Dueling economists reflect new split in Democratic Party&quot; by Robert Frank:<br>
<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/dueling-economists-debate-how-much-a-wealth-tax-would-raise.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9" rel="nofollow">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/dueling-economists-debate-how-much-a-wealth-tax-would-raise.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9</a></p>

<p>Axios - &quot;Why Trump is taking aim at Europe&#39;s sales tax&quot; by Felix Salmon:<br>
<a href="https://www.axios.com/2025/03/31/europe-trump-tariffs-sales-tax" rel="nofollow">https://www.axios.com/2025/03/31/europe-trump-tariffs-sales-tax</a></p>

<p>AP - &quot;US economic growth to slow in the next 30 years, fueled by debt and declining birth rates, CBO says&quot; by Fatima Hussein and Josh Boak:<br>
<a href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/us-economic-growth-to-slow-in-the-next-30-years-fueled-by-debt-and-declining-birth-rates-cbo-says/ar-AA1BN6Pf?ocid=msedgntp&pc=LCTS&cvid=5180883af1c84a8c833f4f6dbea6c47b&ei=23" rel="nofollow">https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/us-economic-growth-to-slow-in-the-next-30-years-fueled-by-debt-and-declining-birth-rates-cbo-says/ar-AA1BN6Pf?ocid=msedgntp&amp;pc=LCTS&amp;cvid=5180883af1c84a8c833f4f6dbea6c47b&amp;ei=23</a></p>

<p>The Hill - &quot;5 reasons why a wealth tax is bad policy&quot; by Richard J. Shinder:<br>
<a href="https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/4782461-wealth-tax-supreme-court-decision/" rel="nofollow">https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/4782461-wealth-tax-supreme-court-decision/</a></p>

<p>Tax Policy Center - &quot;Taxing Wealth in the United States: Issues and Challenges&quot; by Janet Holtzlatt and Gabriella Garriga:<br>
<a href="https://taxpolicycenter.org/research-reports/taxing-wealth-united-states-issues-and-challenges" rel="nofollow">https://taxpolicycenter.org/research-reports/taxing-wealth-united-states-issues-and-challenges</a></p>

<p>Tax Foundation - &quot;From the Tax Foundation Archives: The Pros and Cons of a Value Added Tax (VAT)&quot; by Scott Hodge:<br>
<a href="https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pros-cons-value-added-tax-vat/" rel="nofollow">https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pros-cons-value-added-tax-vat/</a></p>

<p>Business Insider - &quot;What productivity boom? AI will provide just a 1% GDP boost over the next decade, MIT economist says&quot; by Filip De Mott:<br>
<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-productivity-economy-gdp-growth-impact-daron-acemoglu-2024-5" rel="nofollow">https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-productivity-economy-gdp-growth-impact-daron-acemoglu-2024-5</a></p>

<p>Bloomberg Tax - &quot;The United States Needs a Value-Added Tax&quot; by Alan Viard:<br>
<a href="https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/the-united-states-needs-a-value-added-tax" rel="nofollow">https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/the-united-states-needs-a-value-added-tax</a></p>

<p>World Resources Institute - &quot;US Clean Power Development Sees Record Progress, As Well As Stronger Headwinds&quot; by Lori Bird, Andrew Light and Ian Goldsmith:<br>
<a href="https://www.wri.org/insights/clean-energy-progress-united-states" rel="nofollow">https://www.wri.org/insights/clean-energy-progress-united-states</a></p>

<p>Avalara - &quot;‘It’s inevitable,’ experts say: U.S. states will eventually adopt European-style sales tax compliance requirements&quot; by Bryan Corliss:<br>
<a href="https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america/2022/05/its-inevitable-experts-say-us-states-will-eventually-adopt-european-style-sales-tax-compliance-requirements.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america/2022/05/its-inevitable-experts-say-us-states-will-eventually-adopt-european-style-sales-tax-compliance-requirements.html</a></p>

<p>Scientific America - &quot;The AI Boom Could Use a Shocking Amount of Electricity&quot; by Lauren Leffer:<br>
<a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity/" rel="nofollow">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity/</a></p>

<p>CNBC - &quot;The probability of a recession is approaching 50%, Deutsche markets survey finds&quot; by Jeff Cox:<br>
<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/24/the-probability-of-a-recession-is-approaching-50percent-deutsche-markets-survey-finds.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9" rel="nofollow">https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/24/the-probability-of-a-recession-is-approaching-50percent-deutsche-markets-survey-finds.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9</a></p>

<p>McKinsey Global Institute - &quot;Rekindling US productivity for a new era&quot; by Charles Atkins, Olivia White, Asutosh Padhi, Kweilin Ellingrud, Anu Madgavkar, and Michael Neary:<br>
<a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/rekindling-us-productivity-for-a-new-era" rel="nofollow">https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/rekindling-us-productivity-for-a-new-era</a></p>

<p>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - &quot;What Lessons Can Be Drawn from Japan’s High Debt-to-GDP Ratio?&quot; by YiLi Chien and Ashley H. Stewart:<br>
<a href="https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/nov/what-lessons-drawn-japans-high-debt-gdp-ratio" rel="nofollow">https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/nov/what-lessons-drawn-japans-high-debt-gdp-ratio</a></p>

<p>Peter G Petersen Foundation - &quot;National Debt on Track to Reach Record High in Just Four Years&quot;:<br>
<a href="https://www.pgpf.org/article/national-debt-on-track-to-reach-record-high-in-just-four-years/" rel="nofollow">https://www.pgpf.org/article/national-debt-on-track-to-reach-record-high-in-just-four-years/</a></p>

<p>Penn Wharton - &quot;When Does Federal Debt Reach Unsustainable Levels?&quot; by Jagadeesh Gokhale and Kent Smetters:<br>
<a href="https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2023/10/6/when-does-federal-debt-reach-unsustainable-levels" rel="nofollow">https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2023/10/6/when-does-federal-debt-reach-unsustainable-levels</a></p>]]>
  </content:encoded>
  <itunes:summary>
    <![CDATA[<p>Check out our sponsor here:</p>

<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@anotherbookreview9903" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/@anotherbookreview9903</a></p>

<p>Congressional Research Service - &quot;Value-Added Tax (VAT) as a Revenue Option: A Primer&quot; by James M. Bickley:<br>
<a href="https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R41708.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R41708.pdf</a></p>

<p>McKinsey &amp; Company - &quot;We need to talk . . . about gen AI&quot; by Gerard Richter, Marie El Hoyek, and Valerio Dilda:<br>
<a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/operations-blog/we-need-to-talk-about-gen-ai" rel="nofollow">https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/operations-blog/we-need-to-talk-about-gen-ai</a></p>

<p>CNBC - &quot;How much would a wealth tax really raise? Dueling economists reflect new split in Democratic Party&quot; by Robert Frank:<br>
<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/dueling-economists-debate-how-much-a-wealth-tax-would-raise.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9" rel="nofollow">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/dueling-economists-debate-how-much-a-wealth-tax-would-raise.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9</a></p>

<p>Axios - &quot;Why Trump is taking aim at Europe&#39;s sales tax&quot; by Felix Salmon:<br>
<a href="https://www.axios.com/2025/03/31/europe-trump-tariffs-sales-tax" rel="nofollow">https://www.axios.com/2025/03/31/europe-trump-tariffs-sales-tax</a></p>

<p>AP - &quot;US economic growth to slow in the next 30 years, fueled by debt and declining birth rates, CBO says&quot; by Fatima Hussein and Josh Boak:<br>
<a href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/us-economic-growth-to-slow-in-the-next-30-years-fueled-by-debt-and-declining-birth-rates-cbo-says/ar-AA1BN6Pf?ocid=msedgntp&pc=LCTS&cvid=5180883af1c84a8c833f4f6dbea6c47b&ei=23" rel="nofollow">https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/us-economic-growth-to-slow-in-the-next-30-years-fueled-by-debt-and-declining-birth-rates-cbo-says/ar-AA1BN6Pf?ocid=msedgntp&amp;pc=LCTS&amp;cvid=5180883af1c84a8c833f4f6dbea6c47b&amp;ei=23</a></p>

<p>The Hill - &quot;5 reasons why a wealth tax is bad policy&quot; by Richard J. Shinder:<br>
<a href="https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/4782461-wealth-tax-supreme-court-decision/" rel="nofollow">https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/4782461-wealth-tax-supreme-court-decision/</a></p>

<p>Tax Policy Center - &quot;Taxing Wealth in the United States: Issues and Challenges&quot; by Janet Holtzlatt and Gabriella Garriga:<br>
<a href="https://taxpolicycenter.org/research-reports/taxing-wealth-united-states-issues-and-challenges" rel="nofollow">https://taxpolicycenter.org/research-reports/taxing-wealth-united-states-issues-and-challenges</a></p>

<p>Tax Foundation - &quot;From the Tax Foundation Archives: The Pros and Cons of a Value Added Tax (VAT)&quot; by Scott Hodge:<br>
<a href="https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pros-cons-value-added-tax-vat/" rel="nofollow">https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pros-cons-value-added-tax-vat/</a></p>

<p>Business Insider - &quot;What productivity boom? AI will provide just a 1% GDP boost over the next decade, MIT economist says&quot; by Filip De Mott:<br>
<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-productivity-economy-gdp-growth-impact-daron-acemoglu-2024-5" rel="nofollow">https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-productivity-economy-gdp-growth-impact-daron-acemoglu-2024-5</a></p>

<p>Bloomberg Tax - &quot;The United States Needs a Value-Added Tax&quot; by Alan Viard:<br>
<a href="https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/the-united-states-needs-a-value-added-tax" rel="nofollow">https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/the-united-states-needs-a-value-added-tax</a></p>

<p>World Resources Institute - &quot;US Clean Power Development Sees Record Progress, As Well As Stronger Headwinds&quot; by Lori Bird, Andrew Light and Ian Goldsmith:<br>
<a href="https://www.wri.org/insights/clean-energy-progress-united-states" rel="nofollow">https://www.wri.org/insights/clean-energy-progress-united-states</a></p>

<p>Avalara - &quot;‘It’s inevitable,’ experts say: U.S. states will eventually adopt European-style sales tax compliance requirements&quot; by Bryan Corliss:<br>
<a href="https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america/2022/05/its-inevitable-experts-say-us-states-will-eventually-adopt-european-style-sales-tax-compliance-requirements.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america/2022/05/its-inevitable-experts-say-us-states-will-eventually-adopt-european-style-sales-tax-compliance-requirements.html</a></p>

<p>Scientific America - &quot;The AI Boom Could Use a Shocking Amount of Electricity&quot; by Lauren Leffer:<br>
<a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity/" rel="nofollow">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ai-boom-could-use-a-shocking-amount-of-electricity/</a></p>

<p>CNBC - &quot;The probability of a recession is approaching 50%, Deutsche markets survey finds&quot; by Jeff Cox:<br>
<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/24/the-probability-of-a-recession-is-approaching-50percent-deutsche-markets-survey-finds.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9" rel="nofollow">https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/24/the-probability-of-a-recession-is-approaching-50percent-deutsche-markets-survey-finds.html?msockid=1546b612e67260fe1049a266e7e261f9</a></p>

<p>McKinsey Global Institute - &quot;Rekindling US productivity for a new era&quot; by Charles Atkins, Olivia White, Asutosh Padhi, Kweilin Ellingrud, Anu Madgavkar, and Michael Neary:<br>
<a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/rekindling-us-productivity-for-a-new-era" rel="nofollow">https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/rekindling-us-productivity-for-a-new-era</a></p>

<p>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - &quot;What Lessons Can Be Drawn from Japan’s High Debt-to-GDP Ratio?&quot; by YiLi Chien and Ashley H. Stewart:<br>
<a href="https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/nov/what-lessons-drawn-japans-high-debt-gdp-ratio" rel="nofollow">https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/nov/what-lessons-drawn-japans-high-debt-gdp-ratio</a></p>

<p>Peter G Petersen Foundation - &quot;National Debt on Track to Reach Record High in Just Four Years&quot;:<br>
<a href="https://www.pgpf.org/article/national-debt-on-track-to-reach-record-high-in-just-four-years/" rel="nofollow">https://www.pgpf.org/article/national-debt-on-track-to-reach-record-high-in-just-four-years/</a></p>

<p>Penn Wharton - &quot;When Does Federal Debt Reach Unsustainable Levels?&quot; by Jagadeesh Gokhale and Kent Smetters:<br>
<a href="https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2023/10/6/when-does-federal-debt-reach-unsustainable-levels" rel="nofollow">https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2023/10/6/when-does-federal-debt-reach-unsustainable-levels</a></p>]]>
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